Reasoning & Evidence
Building awareness of different types of community led housing (CLH) models will highlight their benefits and encourage developing intentional housing communities that foster social connection. By distinguishing different models of CLH, users can determine which model may best fit their needs. While exact definitions of each model may have slight regional variations, the biggest distinction between CLH models is whether they are market or non-market housing. Market housing is for profit, meaning that the resident pays full price, market rates for their rent or mortgages.(21) On the other hand, non-market housing is owned/controlled by a government or non-profit agency and is rented or sold at levels below the market rate, meaning is more accessible for low and moderate income households.(22) While non-market rental housing models are designated for affordable, secure housing, residents may not always have a say in development and practices of the unit depending on the model of it. Cohousing is a market model of CLH that is typically composed of 10-40 private households surrounding a shared space. In this model, residents decide when and how much they want to interact with the housing community.(23) Community land trusts are non-market models where the land is acquired and protected as a legal asset for developing affordable and secure housing. This model is developed and led by community members who are looking to create intentional communities.(24) Housing co-operatives are another form of non-market housing, where a democratic process incorporates resident opinions in management of the community.(25)
Regardless of the model, the key to community led housing is the intentionality of residents to create a shared-value based space and social cohesion.(26) The process of developing a CLH model facilitates building trust and social capital while establishing a sense of belonging. Many studies point out that the level of time and collaborative commitment required to initiate and maintain CLH reduces loneliness.(27) Depending on the level of community engagement, living in CLH models can foster social connections through shared meals, group activities, and communal spaces that help to prevent social isolation.(28) These models are designed around inclusivity, and they can be particularly supportive for marginalized groups such as LGBTQIA+ individuals, low-income households, individuals struggling with mental health or drug misuse, or other groups who face social exclusion.(27)
Examples of Community Implementation
North Vancouver, Canada: The Driftwood Village is a cohousing development in North Vancouver where residents own individual units and have access to a variety of shared amenity spaces. In addition to designing and managing the community together, the residents of this cohousing development organize ongoing community activities. This intentional community fosters social connection through design elements, like green space, social corridors, and co-located amenity spaces, and resident-organized social activities, like weekly meals and intergenerational bonding between seniors and children.(20)
Edinburgh, Scotland: The Edinburgh Student Housing Co-op is the largest student-run housing co-op in the UK, and its members pride themselves on their affordable housing models that protect students against isolating rent increases. During the 10 years of operation, rent has only increased by 69 pounds which is equivalent to around $90. The community is run democratically by students who manage the day-to-day operations of management. They plan events, host parties, and prioritize equal participation by all of their members.
Reference: The SOCIAL Framework: Housing Sector Supplemental Brief
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