The extent to which people feel close to, cared for, and valued by others—both in personal relationships and as part of larger networks or communities. It includes the number, quality, and supportiveness of these relationships and is a critical determinant of mental, physical, and societal well-being (Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B., 1995; World Health Organization, 2015; Holt-Lunstad, J., 2021).
